Light steel structure is a new type of structure developed on the basis of ordinary steel structure, which includes all the steel structures used under the light roof.

　　與普通鋼構(gòu)造相比，有較好的經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)。輕型鋼構(gòu)造不只自重輕、鋼材用量省、施工速度快，而且它自身具有較強(qiáng)的抗震才能，并能進(jìn)步整個房屋的綜合抗震性能。是目前工業(yè)廠房應(yīng)用較普遍的一種構(gòu)造。

　　Compared with common steel structure, it has better economic index. Light steel structure not only has light weight, low steel consumption and fast construction speed, but also has strong seismic ability, and can improve the comprehensive seismic performance of the whole building. At present, it is a kind of structure widely used in industrial plant.

　　輕型鋼構(gòu)造由根底梁、柱、檁條、層面和墻體組成

　　Light steel structure is composed of bottom beam, column, purlin, floor and wall.

　　單層輕型房屋普通采用門式剛架

　　Portal frame is commonly used in single-storey light-weight houses.

　　屋架

　　roof truss

　　網(wǎng)架

　　Space truss

　　門式剛架的方式

　　The way of portal frame

　　剛架的方式及特性

　　The Way and Characteristic of Rigid Frame

　　1、采用輕型屋面，不只可減小梁柱截面尺寸，根底也相應(yīng)減小。

　　1. Using light roof can not only reduce the cross-section size of beam and column, but also reduce the root.

　　2、在多跨建筑中可做成一個屋脊的大雙坡屋面，為長坡面排水發(fā)明了條件。設(shè)中間柱可減小橫梁的跨度，從而降低造價。中間柱采用鋼管制造的上下鉸接搖晃柱，占空間小。

　　2. The large double-slope roof which can be made into a roof in a multi-span building has created conditions for long-slope drainage. The middle column can reduce the span of the cross beam and reduce the cost. The middle column is articulated by steel pipe, which occupies a small space.

　　3、剛架的側(cè)向剛度有檁條的支撐保證，省去縱向剛性構(gòu)件，并減小翼緣寬度。

　　3. The lateral stiffness of the rigid frame is guaranteed by purlin support, which eliminates the longitudinal rigid members and reduces the flange width.

　　4、剛架可采用變截面，截面與彎矩成正比；變截面時依據(jù)需求可改動腹板的高度和厚度及翼緣的寬度，做到材盡其用。

　　4. The rigid frame can adopt variable cross-section, which is proportional to the bending moment. When the cross-section is changed, the height and thickness of web and the width of flange can be changed according to the demand, so as to make the best use of the material.

　　5、剛架的腹板可按有效寬度設(shè)計，即允許局部腹板失穩(wěn)，并可應(yīng)用其屈曲后強(qiáng)度。

　　5. The web of rigid frame can be designed according to the effective width, that is to say, local web instability can be allowed and post-buckling strength can be applied.

　　6、豎向荷載通常是設(shè)計的控制荷載，但當(dāng)風(fēng)荷載較大或房屋較高時，風(fēng)荷載的作用不應(yīng)無視。在輕屋面門式剛架中，地震作用普通不起控制造用。

　　6. Vertical loads are usually designed as control loads, but when wind loads are large or buildings are high, the effect of wind loads should not be ignored. In portal frames with light roofs, earthquake action is usually not controlled.

　　7、支撐可做得較笨重。將其直接或用程度節(jié)點(diǎn)板銜接在腹板上，可采用張緊的圓鋼。

　　7. The support can be made heavy. The tensioned round steel can be used to connect it directly or with a degree joint plate on the web.

　　8、構(gòu)造構(gòu)件可全部在工廠制造，工業(yè)化水平高。構(gòu)件單元可依據(jù)運(yùn)輸條件劃分，單元之間在現(xiàn)場用螺栓相連，裝置便當(dāng)快速，土建施工量小。

　　8. Structural components can be manufactured in factories with a high level of industrialization. Component units can be divided according to transportation conditions. The units are connected by bolts in the field. The device is convenient and fast, and the amount of civil construction is small.

　　濟(jì)南輕型鋼結(jié)構(gòu)

　　Jinan Light Steel Structure

　　檁條

　　Purlin

　　檁條的方式：檁條宜優(yōu)先采用實(shí)腹式構(gòu)件，也可采用空腹式或格構(gòu)式構(gòu)件。檁條普通為單跨簡支構(gòu)件，實(shí)腹式檁條也可是連續(xù)構(gòu)件。

　　Purlins: Purlins should be preferred to solid-web components, or open-web or lattice components. Purlins are usually single-span simple-supported members, and solid-web purlins are also continuous members.

　　空腹式檁條：空腹式檁條由角鋼的上、下弦和綴板焊接組成，其主要特性是用鋼量較少，能合理天時用小角鋼和薄鋼板，因綴板間距較密，拼裝和焊接的工作量較大，故應(yīng)用較少。

　　Open-web purlin: Open-web purlin is composed of upper and lower chords of angle steel and batten plate welding. Its main characteristics are less steel, small angle steel and thin steel plate can be used in reasonable days. Because the batch plate spacing is relatively close, the workload of assembly and welding is large, so its application is less.

　　格構(gòu)式檁條：格構(gòu)式檁條可采用平面桁架式、空間桁架式及下?lián)问綑_條。

　　Lattice Purlins: Lattice Purlins can be planar truss purlins, space truss purlins and brace purlins.

　　實(shí)腹式檁條

　　Purlin with solid web

　　1、槽鋼檁條

　　1. Channel purlin

　　分普通槽鋼檁條和輕型槽鋼檁條兩種。普通槽鋼檁條（圖a）；因型材的厚度較厚，強(qiáng)度不能充沛發(fā)揮，用鋼量較大。輕型槽鋼檁條雖比普通槽鋼檁條有所改良，但仍不夠理想。

　　There are two kinds of purlin: ordinary channel steel purlin and light channel steel purlin. Ordinary channel purlin (Fig. a); because of the thicker section thickness, the strength can not be fully exerted, and the amount of steel used is larger. Although light channel purlin is improved compared with ordinary channel purlin, it is still not ideal.

　　2、高頻焊接輕型H型鋼檁條；高頻焊接輕型H型鋼(以下簡稱“輕型H型鋼”)系引進(jìn)國外先進(jìn)技術(shù)消費(fèi)的一種輕型型鋼（圖b），具有腹板薄、抗彎剛度好、兩主軸方向的慣性矩比擬接近，以及翼緣板平直易于銜接等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。

　　2. High frequency welding light H-section purlin; High frequency welding light H-section steel (hereinafter referred to as "light H-section steel") is a kind of light steel consumed by importing advanced foreign technology (Fig. b), which has the advantages of thin web, good bending stiffness, similar inertia moment in the direction of two spindles, and flange plate is flat and easy to connect.

　　3、卷邊槽形冷彎薄壁型鋼檁條：卷邊槽形(C形)冷彎薄壁型鋼檁條（圖c）的截面互換性大，應(yīng)用普遍，用鋼量省，制造和裝置便當(dāng)。

　　3. Cold-formed thin-walled purlin with crimped groove: The cross-section interchangeability of crimped groove (C-shaped) cold-formed thin-walled purlin (Figure C) is large, and it is widely used. It has less steel consumption and convenient manufacture and installation.

　　4、卷邊Z形冷彎薄壁型鋼檁條：分直卷邊Z形（圖d）和斜卷邊Z形（圖e）。它的主平面x軸的剛度大，用作檁條時撓度小，用鋼量省，制造和裝置便當(dāng)。斜卷邊Z形鋼寄存時還可疊層堆放，占地少。當(dāng)屋面坡度較大時，這種檁條的應(yīng)用較為普遍。

　　4. Curled Z-shaped cold-formed thin-walled purlin: straight curled Z-shaped (Figure d) and oblique curled Z-shaped (Figure e e e). Its main plane X-axis has large stiffness, small deflection when used as purlin, less steel consumption and convenient manufacture and installation. The oblique rolled Z-shaped steel can also be stacked in stacks and occupy less space. When the roof slope is large, the purlin is widely used.

　　檁條的銜接結(jié)構(gòu)

　　Connection structure of purlin

　　檁條與屋面應(yīng)牢靠銜接，以保證屋面能起阻止檁條側(cè)向失穩(wěn)和改變的作用，這對普通不需驗(yàn)算整體穩(wěn)定性的實(shí)腹式檁條尤為重要。

　　Purlin and roof should be firmly connected to ensure that the roof can prevent purlin lateral instability and change, which is particularly important for ordinary purlin without checking the overall stability.

　　檁條與壓型鋼板屋面的銜接，宜采用帶橡膠墊圈的自攻螺釘。

　　The self-tapping screw with rubber washer is suitable for the connection between purlin and profiled steel roof.

　　檁條的拉條和撐桿：相互采用螺栓銜接。

　　Purlin tension bar and support rod: bolt connection is used for each other.

　　檁條在屋架(剛架)上的布置和放置

　　Arrangement and Placement of Purlins on Roof Frames (Rigid Frames)

　　1、為使屋架上弦桿不產(chǎn)生彎矩，檁條宜位于屋架上弦節(jié)點(diǎn)處。當(dāng)采用內(nèi)天溝時，邊檁應(yīng)盡量靠近天溝。

　　1. Purlins should be located at the upper chord joints of roof truss in order to avoid bending moment of the upper chord. When using inner trench, side purlin should be as close as possible to the trench.

　　2、實(shí)腹式檁條的截面均宜垂直于屋面坡面。對槽鋼和Z形鋼檀條，宜將上翼緣肢尖(或卷邊)朝向屋脊方向，以減小屋面荷載偏心而惹起的扭矩。

　　2. The section of purlin with solid web should be perpendicular to the roof slope. For channel steel and Z-shaped sandalwood bar, it is advisable to orient the tip of upper flange limb (or rolled edge) towards the roof to reduce the torsion caused by eccentricity of roof load.

　　3、桁架式檁條的上弦桿宜垂直于屋架上弦桿，而腹桿和下弦桿宜垂直于空中。

　　3. The upper chord of truss purlin should be perpendicular to the upper chord of roof truss, while the web and lower chord should be perpendicular to the air.

　　4、脊檁計劃：實(shí)腹式檁條應(yīng)采用雙檁計劃，屋脊檁條可用槽鋼、角鋼或圓鋼相連（見下圖）。桁架式檁條在屋脊處采用單檁計劃時，雖用鋼量較省，但檁條型號增加，結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，故普通以采用雙檁為宜。

　　4. Ridge Purlin Plan: Real-bellied purlin should adopt double purlin plan. Roof purlin can be connected with channel steel, angle steel or round steel (see figure below). When truss purlin adopts purlin plan at roof, although steel consumption is less, purlin type increases and structure is complex, so double purlin is usually preferred.

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