鐵藝護欄是以金屬材料通過鍛造、焊接等工藝制成的建筑裝飾構件，主要應用于陽臺、樓梯、空調等部位的防護與裝飾，具有堅固耐用、可塑性強等特點。

Iron railing is a building decoration component made of metal materials through forging, welding and other processes. It is mainly used for protection and decoration of balconies, stairs, air conditioning and other parts, and has the characteristics of durability, strong plasticity, etc.

高度要求是護欄安全的第一道防線： 欄桿高度需符合《住宅設計規范》或公建標準。低層、多層住宅的陽臺欄桿凈高不應低于1.05m；中高層、高層住宅的陽臺欄桿凈高不應低于1.10m。封閉陽臺欄桿也應滿足陽臺欄桿凈高要求。臨空高度≥24米時，室外欄桿≥1.1米。室內樓梯欄桿凈高≥0.9米。圍墻欄桿高度一般為1.05~1.2米。

The height requirement is the first line of defense for guardrail safety: the height of the guardrail must comply with the "Residential Design Code" or public building standards. The net height of balcony railings for low rise and multi story residential buildings should not be less than 1.05m; the net height of balcony railings for mid rise and high-rise residential buildings should not be less than 1.10m. Enclosed balcony railings should also meet the requirements for balcony railing net height. When the height above ground is ≥ 24 meters, the outdoor railing should be ≥ 1.1 meters. The net height of the indoor staircase railing is ≥ 0.9 meters. The height of the fence railing is generally 1.05-1.2 meters.

豎桿間距有嚴格限制： 欄桿垂直桿件間凈空不應大于110mm。豎桿間距≤11厘米是為了防止兒童頭部卡入。鏤空圖案需對稱均勻，邊緣打磨光滑（無毛刺）；鏤空率≤40%以保障防盜性。

There are strict restrictions on the spacing between vertical bars: the clearance between vertical bars of the railing should not exceed 110mm. The spacing between vertical bars should be ≤ 11 centimeters to prevent children's heads from getting stuck. The hollow pattern should be symmetrical and uniform, with smooth edges polished (without burrs); Hollow out rate ≤ 40% to ensure anti-theft performance.

材料選擇標準： 主材采用Q235或Q345碳素結構鋼，管材壁厚≥2.5mm，型材截面尺寸偏差≤±0.5mm，表面無裂紋、砂眼等缺陷。豎桿可采用φ32×3mm或40×40×3mm方管，橫桿采用φ25×2.5mm圓管。欄桿底部應設置0.1米的踢腳板，防止物品從底部滑落。

Material selection criteria: Q235 or Q345 carbon structural steel is used as the main material, with a pipe wall thickness of ≥ 2.5mm, a cross-sectional dimension deviation of ≤± 0.5mm, and no surface defects such as cracks or sand holes. The vertical pole can be made of square pipes with a diameter of 32 × 3mm or 40 × 40 × 3mm, and the horizontal pole can be made of round pipes with a diameter of 25 × 2.5mm. A 0.1 meter kick board should be installed at the bottom of the railing to prevent items from slipping off from the bottom.

安裝的核心步驟： 用全站儀或水準儀在基層彈出欄桿安裝的水平基準線和垂直定位線，誤差控制在±3mm內。預埋立柱時需用膨脹螺栓或化學錨栓固定，埋入深度≥10cm。立柱間距一般不超過1.2米，兒童活動區域需加密。預埋板采用Q235鋼，厚度≥8mm，錨筋直徑≥10mm。焊接部位必須滿焊，做到焊口無斷縫、無沙眼，焊口要打磨光滑。

The core steps of installation: Use a total station or level to mark the horizontal reference line and vertical positioning line for installing the railing at the base level, with an error controlled within ± 3mm. When embedding columns, expansion bolts or chemical anchor bolts should be used to fix them, with a burial depth of ≥ 10cm. The spacing between columns should generally not exceed 1.2 meters, and the children's activity area should be densified. The embedded plate is made of Q235 steel, with a thickness of ≥ 8mm and an anchor bar diameter of ≥ 10mm. The welding area must be fully welded, ensuring that there are no broken seams or sand holes at the weld joint, and the weld joint must be polished smooth.

荷載與安全設計： 需考慮風荷載、人群側向荷載及撞擊荷載。臨空、高層或人流密集區域的欄桿，需增設加強斜撐或與主體結構剛性連接，確保水平承載力≥0.5kN/m。

Load and safety design: Wind loads, lateral loads from crowds, and impact loads need to be considered. For the railings in the air, high-rise or crowded areas, reinforced slant support or rigid connection with the main structure shall be added to ensure that the horizontal bearing capacity is ≥ 0.5kN/m.

驗收標準： 安裝后需進行搖動測試，確認無晃動或異響。檢查漆面是否完整，無漏噴、流掛等問題。扶欄安裝必須牢固。鐵藝護欄和鐵藝扶手轉角弧度應符合設計要求，接縫嚴密平整，表面光滑，色澤一致，不得有裂縫。

Acceptance criteria: After installation, a shaking test must be conducted to confirm that there is no shaking or abnormal noise. Check if the paint surface is intact, without any issues such as missed spraying or sagging. The installation of the railing must be firm. The curvature of the corners of wrought iron guardrails and handrails should meet the design requirements, with tight and smooth joints, smooth surfaces, consistent colors, and no cracks.

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